In myasthenia gravis, antibodies block, alter, or destroy the receptors for acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction, which prevents the muscle from contracting.


Antibodies to other proteins, such as MuSK (Muscle-Specific Kinase) protein, also can impair transmission at the neuromuscular junction.


Symptoms

Weakness of the eye muscles (ocular myasthenia)


Drooping of one or both eyelids (ptosis)


Blurred or double vision (diplopia)


Changes in facial expressions


Difficulty swallowing


Shortness of breath


Impaired speech (dysarthria)


Weakness in the arms, hands, fingers, legs, and neck


Commonly impacts young adult women (under 40) and older men (over 60), but it can occur at any age, including childhood.

Currently, there is no known cure for myasthenia gravis. Most people with myasthenia gravis live to an average life expectancy.

Management

Anticholinesterase Medications

Thymectomy

Immunosuppressive Drugs.
Complement Inhibition

Plasmapheresis







Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare, acute autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks the peripheral nervous system, causing rapid muscle weakness, tingling, and potential paralysis.


It is often triggered by a recent history of an infectious disease.

It is characterized by ascending symptoms, that may lead to respiratory compromise.

Recovery occurs proximal to distal with reecovery occurring in weeks to years with stereotypical responses residual disability.


Mangement


Intravenous Immunoglobulin (IVIG)


Plasmapheresis


Supportive Care


Rehabilitation